Shichi-Go-San: Celebrating Childhood in Japan
November is a special time for children. Families across Japan come together to celebrate a heartwarming tradition known as Shichi-Go-San, which means "seven-five-three." This joyous occasion is when three-, five-, and seven-year-old children dress in their finest attire, typically traditional Japanese clothing, and visit local shrines to pray for their health and happiness.
What is Shichi-Go-San （七五三）?
Shichi-Go-San, which directly translates to "seven-five-three," marks crucial developmental milestones in a child's life. It’s celebrated around November 15, a date that has gained popularity over centuries. Originally, this ceremony signified specific turning points: girls traditionally began growing their hair at age three, boys wore hakama (trousers) for the first time at age five, and by age seven, children donned the same kimonos as adults. While the original meanings may have faded, families now gather to wish for long, healthy lives for their little ones while enjoying the sweet delight of chitose ame—colorful, elongated candy sticks that symbolize longevity.
The Significance of the Numbers: 3, 5, and 7
The ages of three, five, and seven hold a special place in Japanese culture, representing key milestones in a child’s life and pivotal transitions in their journey. At three (san), children—both boys and girls—mark a joyful moment as they transition from babyhood. Traditionally, children had their heads shaved in infancy, and by age three, they begin to grow out their hair, symbolizing newfound independence.
Five (go) is a significant age primarily for boys, who celebrate by wearing hakama for the first time. This traditional garment signifies their budding responsibilities and expectations as they step towards manhood. Meanwhile, seven (shichi) is a crucial milestone for girls, marking their entrance into young womanhood. At this age, they don their first obi (sash), which ties their kimono like adults, reflecting the beginning of societal expectations.
Historically, odd numbers have been deemed lucky in Japanese numerology, making these ages even more significant. The tradition of Shichi-Go-San is rooted in gratitude, reflecting a society that once faced high infant mortality rates. The event serves as a heartfelt celebration of the children who reach these critical ages, expressing thanks to deities for their survival and good health.
A Journey Through Time: The History of Shichi-Go-San
The roots of Shichi-o-San trace back to the Heian period (794-1185) when it began as a noble practice among the aristocracy. Over time, it spread across social classes, becoming a cherished tradition that reflects Japan's connection to Shinto beliefs. The first documented Shichi-Go-San celebration occurred on November 15, 1681, when Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi took his son to a shrine to pray for his health, solidifying the date's significance.
In the past, reaching the ages of three, five, and seven was a big milestone for children in Japan. With high infant mortality rates, these ages marked survival, growth, and resilience—a reason for families to celebrate and give thanks. Families would hold purification ceremonies and express deep gratitude to the gods for their children’s well-being. Some families waited until age three or four to officially add children to the family registry, as early childhood was so uncertain. Although some traditional practices have faded, the essence of Shichi-Go-San remains alive, with families visiting shrines to pray for their children's continued health and happiness.
Dressing for the Occasion: Traditional Attire and Sweet Treats
On Shichi-Go-San, children wear stunning traditional garments that reflect their age and gender. Three-year-old girls sport kimonos with shoulder tucks and a hifu vest, while seven-year-olds wear full kimonos with elaborate obi sashes. Five-year-old boys don hakama and a haori jacket, often adorned with family crest, a symbol of pride and heritage.
As families make their way to the shrine, children carry colorful bags filled with chitose-ame, or "thousand-year candy." This long, thin treat comes in auspicious red and white colors, symbolizing longevity and vitality. Families present these colorful candies in decorative bags featuring motifs like turtles, cranes, and pine trees, all representing good fortune and health.
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The Modern Celebration
Today, Shichi-Go-San is celebrated with a blend of tradition and modern twists. Girls typically celebrate Shichi-Go-San twice, at ages three and seven, while boys usually celebrate once, at age five. While many families still visit shrines for blessings, some opt for professional photography sessions or even elaborate banquets. After prayers, families often take group photos, purchase good luck charms, and enjoy celebratory meals, whether at home or in local restaurants. Popular Tokyo shrines like Meiji Jingū, Hie Jinja, and Kanda Myōjin become vibrant hubs of activity as families gather to pray, take photos, and create cherished memories.
Moreover, more families are now skipping the traditional shrine visit and choosing to dress up just for studio photos instead. Some parents even attend big sponsored events or host grand banquets at hotels, bringing a modern twist to this long-standing tradition.
In recent years, While the traditional kimono remains the attire of choice, the trend of dressing children in contemporary formal wear has emerged. This allowed for a fresh take on this age-old tradition. Regardless of attire, the essence of Shichi-Go-San remains a celebration of childhood, family, and the hopes for a long, healthy life.
As families cherish this beautiful occasion, the sights and sounds of Shichi-Go-San come together to create a tapestry of culture, joy, and gratitude—a delightful celebration that captures the heart of Japan’s enduring traditions.
Join the Celebration! Experience Shichi-Go-San
If you find yourself in Japan around mid-November, consider immersing yourself in the joyous culture of Shichi-Go-San. Whether you're witnessing the joy of children dressed in traditional garments or indulging in chitose-ame, this celebration is a heartwarming reminder of the universal themes of growth, gratitude, and the hopes we hold for our loved ones. Experience the beauty and warmth of Shichi-Go-San, where tradition meets the joy of childhood! Tag us in your photos on social media! @givingtuesdayjapan
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